Settled since the Gallo-Roman era, Mechelen was given town rights in the 14th century, which started a rivalry with Antwerp that would last for the next 600 years. Over its long history, it was home to the likes of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne Boleyn, and today is the seat of Belgium’s archbishop. The charming marketplatz is surrounded by beautiful baroque buildings and dominated by the UNESCO-listed Gothic cathedral. Visitors can brave the tower’s 500 steps for stupendous views of the city, or just enjoy the church’s exceptional artwork, which includes paintings by van Dyck and Rubens. The nearby town hall has cleverly combined the old council hall, cloth hall, and UNESCO-listed belfry into one building. The third UNESCO site is the charming Groot Begijnhof - a neighborhood built between the 13th and 16th centuries expressly to provide a community for religious women.