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Rotterdam is known for its innovative modern architecture and Europe's largest port. The city was heavily bombed during World War II and rebuilt with futuristic design, creating landmarks like the Cube Houses, Markthal, and Erasmus Bridge. Rotterdam's skyline features bold, contemporary buildings that make it one of Europe's most architecturally striking cities, contrasting sharply with Amsterdam's historic canal houses.

Popular day trips from Rotterdam include Delft, famous for its blue-and-white pottery and charming canals. The Hague, home to the Dutch Parliament and beautiful beaches at Scheveningen, offers cultural attractions. Kinderdijk's 19 UNESCO-listed windmills showcase classic Dutch landscapes. Leiden provides university-town atmosphere with museums and historic architecture, all within easy reach by train or private transport.

The Netherlands uses the euro as its official currency. ATMs are widely available throughout Rotterdam and other Dutch cities. Credit and debit cards are almost universally accepted, and the Netherlands is increasingly becoming a cashless society with many establishments preferring card or digital payments.

Dutch is the official language of the Netherlands. However, English proficiency in the Netherlands is exceptionally high, with most Dutch people speaking fluent English, especially in cities like Rotterdam. Service industry workers, younger generations, and business professionals typically communicate easily in English, making Rotterdam very accessible for international visitors without requiring Dutch language skills.

The best time to visit Rotterdam is from April to September when weather is warmest and daylight hours are longest. Spring (April to May) brings mild temperatures and blooming flowers throughout the city. Summer offers the most sunshine, though it can be busy with tourists. Early autumn (September) provides pleasant weather with fewer crowds, making it ideal for exploring Rotterdam's outdoor attractions and architecture.

The Markthal is Rotterdam's iconic indoor food market and residential building, opened in 2014. Its distinctive horseshoe shape features a massive arched ceiling decorated with colorful artwork depicting fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Inside, you'll find dozens of food stalls selling international cuisine, fresh produce, and local specialties. The building combines market space with 228 apartments and underground parking in innovative architectural design.

Rotterdam has excellent public transportation including metro, tram, and bus services operated by RET. The city is also very bicycle-friendly with extensive bike lanes and rental options. Walking is pleasant in the compact city center.

The Cube Houses, designed by architect Piet Blom in 1977, are tilted residential units elevated on hexagonal pylons. Each cube represents a tree, and together they form a forest over the Blaak train station. While most are private residences, visitors can tour the Show Cube Museum to experience the unusual interior layout and understand how residents live in these architectural curiosities.